Isopropanol, also known as isopropyl alcohol or 2-propanol, is a commonly used solvent and fuel. It is also used in the production of other chemicals and as a cleaning agent. However, it is important to know whether isopropanol is toxic to humans and what the potential health effects are. In this article, we will explore the toxicity of isopropanol and provide some insights into its safety profile.

Is Isopropanol Toxic to Humans?

Isopropanol is a compound with a low level of toxicity. It is considered a irritant rather than a highly toxic substance. However, when ingested in large quantities, isopropanol can cause serious health effects, including central nervous system depression, respiratory depression, and even death.

The lethal dose for humans is approximately 100 mL of pure isopropanol, but the amount that can be harmful varies from person to person. Inhaling high concentrations of isopropanol vapor can also cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, as well as pulmonary edema.

Isopropanol is absorbed into the body through the skin, lungs, and digestive tract. It is then metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine. The main route of exposure for humans is through inhalation and ingestion.

Health Effects of Isopropanol Exposure

In general, low levels of isopropanol exposure do not cause serious health effects in humans. However, high concentrations can cause central nervous system depression, resulting in drowsiness, dizziness, and even coma. Inhaling high concentrations of isopropanol vapor can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat, as well as cause pulmonary edema. Ingestion of large amounts of isopropanol can cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and even liver damage.

Isopropanol has also been linked to birth defects and developmental issues in animals. However, the data on humans is limited because most studies have been conducted on animals rather than humans. Therefore, more research needs to be done to determine the effects of isopropanol on human development and pregnancy.

Safety Profile of Isopropanol

Isopropanol is widely used in industry and households because of its versatility and low cost. It is important to use it safely and follow the directions for use. When using isopropanol, it is recommended to wear protective gloves and eye protection to prevent skin and eye contact. In addition, it is important to store isopropanol in a cool, well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition.

In conclusion, isopropanol has a low level of toxicity but can still cause serious health effects if ingested in large quantities or exposed to high concentrations. It is important to use it safely and follow the directions for use when using isopropanol-containing products.